In an age where digital assets are secured behind layers of cyber security defenses, it is easy to overlook the importance of physical security. Yet, not only is physical security essential for the protection of staff and assets it also – as we discuss below – has a massive part to play in the protection of digital assets.
In this article, we look at the key physical security controls every business should consider. From advanced surveillance systems to the essential role of staff training, we discuss five key security controls needed to build a secure business environment.
Understanding Physical Security
It is easy to pigeonhole physical security as only being for the protection of physical assets. However, while it does play an obvious and important role in performing this function, its importance as a cyber-security mechanism cannot be overlooked.
This fact is ably demonstrated by the results of a report commissioned by Information Week, which revealed that a staggering 35% of all data breaches were physical. In other words, 3.5 out of every 10 data breaches completely bypassed cyber security measures.
This is why implementing the core aspects of physical security should be an imperative. Among the factors to consider are:
- Risk assessment and planning: Regularly evaluate potential security risks and develop a plan to address them.
- Physical barriers and control systems: Implement barriers like fences, gates, and turnstiles, coupled with access control systems for secure entry.
- Environmental design: Use strategic design and layout of physical space to enhance security, such as well-lit areas and minimal hiding spots.
- Security personnel: Employ trained security staff for monitoring and responding to threats.
Physical security is as relevant in the digital age as it has ever been, if not more so. By understanding the risks and the controls needed to negate them, your business isn’t just protecting its physical assets, compliance under commercial law and protecting its reputation, customers, and ultimately – its bottom line.
Physical Security Controls and Strategies for Businesses
Understanding the need for physical security is the starting point for building a robust physical security strategy. What constitutes this will vary from business to business but for most businesses looking for a guide to physical security, a combination of some or all of the controls listed below will create an environment that protects their assets, staff, and customers:
1. Perimeter Security and Access Control
Any good security strategy begins from the outside and works inward. This means that the first essential controls are focused on protecting the physical boundaries of your business and who has access beyond them using technologies such as perimeter protection systems.
In a layered approach to security, this is the “public facing” layer, and as such it is of critical importance. Again, the specific controls will vary from business to business, but most systems will be a combination of sophisticated control systems and physical barriers.
Key factors to consider include:
- Controlled entry points: Utilize gates, turnstiles, or doors to restrict access to authorized personnel only.
- Advanced access technologies: Implement keycard systems, biometric scanners, or PIN codes for secure and tractable entry.
- Integration with surveillance: Combine access control with surveillance systems to enhance security monitoring and incident response.
2. Surveillance and Monitoring
Surveillance and monitoring systems have advanced rapidly in recent years. In fact, it is fair to say that even recent months have seen major advancements with the increased integration of AI into components like surveillance cameras.
This has made these systems more cost-effective, efficient, and easier to integrate with companion controls like biometric access control systems.
Key points to consider when implementing surveillance and monitoring components include:
- Strategic camera placement: Position cameras to cover critical areas, ensuring there are no blind spots in the surveillance coverage.
- Quality and capability: Use high-definition cameras with capabilities like night vision, motion detection, and remote access.
- Data storage and management: Ensure proper storage solutions for surveillance footage with secure, efficient retrieval and backup systems.
3. Secure Environments for Sensitive Assets
Areas like server rooms and other secure environments should be treated as a separate "security layer” and have specific controls in place. Surveillance and access control technologies can play a major role in this but each approach should be tailored to the specific needs of your business.
Key points to consider include:
- Restricted access: Limit entry to essential personnel with specialized access permissions.
- Environmental controls: Implement measures like fire suppression systems and climate control for asset preservation.
- Continuous monitoring: Use surveillance and alarm systems to monitor these areas around the clock.
4. Advanced Security Measures
Advanced security measures are crucial for countering sophisticated threats. This involves integrating technology such as air-gapped networks and effective device management, alongside physical enhancements like strategic lighting.
Among the advanced security measures to consider are:
- Air-gapped networks: Isolate critical systems from general networks to prevent cyber intrusions.
- Device management: Implement protocols for tracking and securing all devices, especially those containing sensitive data.
- Exterior lighting: Enhance visibility and deter unauthorized access with well-placed, bright lighting around the premises.
5. Building a Security Culture
Up to now, the “controls” we have discussed have focused mainly on hardware and control systems. However, the human factor is a vital security layer and yet it is one of the most cost-effective and often overlooked aspects of security.
A knowledgeable and security-aware workforce is one of your business's main allies when building a formidable physical security strategy.
Key points to bear in mind include:
- Regular training: Staff training is essential for all aspects of business, yet security training is often neglected. Conduct frequent security awareness sessions for all employees.
- Clear policies and procedures: Establish and communicate comprehensive security guidelines.
- Encouraging vigilance: Foster an environment where staff are alert to security risks and know how to respond appropriately.
Physical Security: More Than a Business Afterthought
In the digital age, it is easy to dismiss proper physical security protocols as an afterthought. However, not only are these critical for protecting your physical assets, but they also are critical for protecting your and your customer’s data. With the average cost of a data breach standing at USD 4.45 million, (according to a report compiled by IBM) the cost of not securing your business does not bear thinking about.
From having the right hardware in place to the importance of well-thought-out safety briefings, a little due diligence in setting up the essential physical security controls can save a lot of heartache, and stress, as well as protect your business’s bottom line.
